Merge "Removes basic-install-guides from training guides"
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doc/training-guides/basic-install-guide
app_reserved_uids.xmlbk-openstack-basic-install-guide.xmlch_basic_environment.xmlch_basic_networking.xmlch_basics.xmlch_ceilometer.xmlch_cinder.xmlch_clients.xmlch_debconf.xmlch_glance.xmlch_heat.xmlch_horizon.xmlch_keystone.xmlch_launch-instance.xmlch_networking.xmlch_nova.xmlch_overview.xmlch_sahara.xmlch_swift.xmlch_trove.xml
common
figures
SCH_5002_V00_NUAC-Keystone.png
section_compute-configure-vnc.xmlsection_keystone-concepts.xmlsection_objectstorage-account-reaper.xmlsection_objectstorage-arch.xmlsection_objectstorage-characteristics.xmlsection_objectstorage-components.xmlsection_objectstorage-features.xmlsection_objectstorage-intro.xmlsection_objectstorage-replication.xmlsection_objectstorage-ringbuilder.xmlsection_objectstorage-troubleshoot.xmlsection_objectstorage_tenant-specific-image-storage.xmlnovnc
objectstorage-accountscontainers.pngobjectstorage-arch.pngobjectstorage-buildingblocks.pngobjectstorage-nodes.pngobjectstorage-partitions.pngobjectstorage-replication.pngobjectstorage-ring.pngobjectstorage-usecase.pngobjectstorage-zones.pngobjectstorage.pngfigures
NOVA_ARCH.pngNOVA_ARCH.svgNOVA_install_arch.pngNOVA_install_arch.svgbasic-architecture-networking.svgbasic-architecture.svg
debconf-screenshots
api-endpoint_1_register_endpoint.pngapi-endpoint_2_keystone_server_ip.pngapi-endpoint_3_keystone_authtoken.pngapi-endpoint_4_service_endpoint_ip_address.pngapi-endpoint_5_region_name.pngdbconfig-common_1_configure-with-dbconfig-yes-no.pngdbconfig-common_2_db-types.pngdbconfig-common_3_connection_method.pngdbconfig-common_4_mysql_root_password.pngdbconfig-common_5_mysql_app_password.pngdbconfig-common_6_mysql_app_password_confirm.pngdbconfig-common_keep_admin_pass.pngdbconfig-common_used_for_remote_db.pngglance-common_pipeline_flavor.pngkeystone_1_admin_token.pngkeystone_2_register_admin_tenant_yes_no.pngkeystone_3_admin_user_name.pngkeystone_4_admin_user_email.pngkeystone_5_admin_user_pass.pngkeystone_6_admin_user_pass_confirm.pngkeystone_7_register_endpoint.pngneutron_1_plugin_selection.pngneutron_2_networking_type.pngneutron_3_hypervisor_ip.pngrabbitmq-host.pngrabbitmq-password.pngrabbitmq-user.pngservice_keystone_authtoken_admin_password.pngservice_keystone_authtoken_admin_tenant_name.pngservice_keystone_authtoken_server_hostname.pngservice_keystone_authtoken_tenant_admin_user.png
installguide_arch-neutron.pnginstallguide_arch-neutron.svginstallguide_arch-nova.pnginstallguide_arch-nova.svginstallguide_neutron-initial-networks.pnginstallguide_neutron-initial-networks.svgnetworking-interactions-swift.pngnetworking-interactions-swift.svgnova-external-1.pngnova-external-1.svgnova-external-2.pngnova-external-2.svgnova-external.graffleswift_install_arch.pngswift_install_arch.svgobject-storage
@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<appendix xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="reserved_user_ids">
|
||||
<title>Reserved user IDs</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
OpenStack reserves certain user IDs to run specific services and
|
||||
own specific files. These user IDs are set up according to the
|
||||
distribution packages. The following table gives an overview.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">
|
||||
<para>Some OpenStack packages generate and assign user IDs
|
||||
automatically during package installation. In these cases, the
|
||||
user ID value is not important. The existence of the user ID is
|
||||
what matters.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<table rules="all">
|
||||
<caption>Reserved user IDs</caption>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Name</th>
|
||||
<th>Description</th>
|
||||
<th>ID</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<!-- sorted by first column -->
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>ceilometer</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Ceilometer Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">166</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>cinder</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Cinder Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">165</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>glance</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Glance Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">161</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>heat</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Heat Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">187</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>keystone</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Keystone Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">163</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>neutron</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Neutron Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">164</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>nova</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Nova Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">162</td>
|
||||
<td os="opensuse;sles">96</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>swift</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Swift Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="rhel;centos;fedora">160</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>trove</td>
|
||||
<td>OpenStack Trove Daemons</td>
|
||||
<td os="debian;opensuse;sles;ubuntu;rhel;centos;fedora">Assigned during package installation</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<para>Each user belongs to a user group with the same name as the
|
||||
user.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</appendix>
|
||||
@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<book xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="openstack-basic-install-manual"
|
||||
status="draft">
|
||||
<title>OpenStack Basic Installation Guide for
|
||||
<phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, CentOS 7, and Fedora 20</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="ubuntu">Ubuntu 14.04</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="debian">Debian 7</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="opensuse">openSUSE 13.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3</phrase>
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
<?rax
|
||||
status.bar.text.font.size="40px"
|
||||
status.bar.text="Kilo"?>
|
||||
<?rax subtitle.font.size="17px" title.font.size="32px"?>
|
||||
<titleabbrev>OpenStack Basic Installation Guide for
|
||||
<phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora">Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, and Fedora</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="ubuntu">Ubuntu 14.04</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="opensuse">openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="debian">Debian 7</phrase>
|
||||
</titleabbrev>
|
||||
<info>
|
||||
<author>
|
||||
<personname>
|
||||
<firstname/>
|
||||
<surname/>
|
||||
</personname>
|
||||
<affiliation>
|
||||
<orgname>OpenStack</orgname>
|
||||
</affiliation>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<copyright>
|
||||
<year>2012</year>
|
||||
<year>2013</year>
|
||||
<year>2014</year>
|
||||
<holder>OpenStack Foundation</holder>
|
||||
</copyright>
|
||||
<releaseinfo>juno</releaseinfo>
|
||||
<productname>OpenStack Basic Installation Guide</productname>
|
||||
<pubdate/>
|
||||
<legalnotice role="apache2">
|
||||
<annotation>
|
||||
<remark>Copyright details are filled in by the
|
||||
template.</remark>
|
||||
</annotation>
|
||||
</legalnotice>
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>Work in progress, please do not work on this patch.
|
||||
|
||||
The OpenStack® system consists of several key
|
||||
projects that you install separately but that work
|
||||
together depending on your cloud needs. These projects
|
||||
include Compute, Identity Service, Networking, Image
|
||||
Service, Block Storage, Object Storage, Telemetry,
|
||||
Orchestration, and Database. You can install any of these
|
||||
projects separately and configure them stand-alone or
|
||||
as connected entities. <phrase
|
||||
os="debian">This guide walks through an
|
||||
installation by using packages available through
|
||||
Debian 7 (code name: Wheezy).</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="ubuntu">This guide walks through an
|
||||
installation by using packages available through
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04.</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora">This guide shows you
|
||||
how to install OpenStack by using packages
|
||||
available through Fedora 20 as well as on Red Hat
|
||||
Enterprise Linux 7 and its derivatives through the
|
||||
EPEL repository.</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">This guide shows you how to
|
||||
install OpenStack by using packages on openSUSE
|
||||
13.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3
|
||||
through the Open Build Service Cloud
|
||||
repository.</phrase> Explanations of configuration
|
||||
options and sample configuration files are
|
||||
included.</para>
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
</info>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- xi:include href="./common/ch_preface.xml"/ -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_overview.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Keystone-->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_keystone.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Glance -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_glance.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Nova -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_nova.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Networking -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_basic_networking.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Horizon -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_horizon.xml"/>
|
||||
<!-- Cinder -->
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_cinder.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="ch_launch-instance.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="app_reserved_uids.xml"/>
|
||||
|
||||
<glossary role="auto"/>
|
||||
</book>
|
||||
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_basic_environment">
|
||||
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
||||
<title>Basic environment</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The trunk version of this guide focuses on the future Juno
|
||||
release and will not work for the current Icehouse release. If
|
||||
you want to install Icehouse, you must use the <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org">Icehouse version</link>
|
||||
of this guide instead.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This chapter explains how to configure each node in the
|
||||
<link linkend="architecture_example-architectures">example architectures</link>
|
||||
including the <link linkend="example-architecture-with-legacy-networking">
|
||||
two-node architecture with legacy networking</link> and
|
||||
<link linkend="example-architecture-with-neutron-networking">three-node
|
||||
architecture with OpenStack Networking (neutron)</link>.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Although most environments include OpenStack Identity, Image Service,
|
||||
Compute, at least one networking service, and the dashboard, OpenStack
|
||||
Object Storage can operate independently of most other services. If your
|
||||
use case only involves Object Storage, you can skip to
|
||||
<xref linkend="ch_swift"/>. However, the dashboard will not run without
|
||||
at least OpenStack Image Service and Compute.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>You must use an account with administrative privileges to configure
|
||||
each node. Either run the commands as the <literal>root</literal> user
|
||||
or configure the <literal>sudo</literal> utility.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The <command>systemctl enable</command> call on openSUSE outputs
|
||||
a warning message when the service uses SysV Init scripts
|
||||
instead of native systemd files. This warning can be ignored.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-prerequisites.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-security.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-networking.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-ntp.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-packages.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-database.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-queue.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_basic_networking">
|
||||
<title>Add a networking component</title>
|
||||
<para>This chapter explains how to install and configure either
|
||||
OpenStack Networking (neutron) or the legacy <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> networking service.
|
||||
The <systemitem class="service">nova-network</systemitem> service
|
||||
enables you to deploy one network type per instance and is
|
||||
suitable for basic network functionality. OpenStack Networking
|
||||
enables you to deploy multiple network types per instance and
|
||||
includes <glossterm baseform="plug-in">plug-ins</glossterm> for a
|
||||
variety of products that support <glossterm>virtual
|
||||
networking</glossterm>.</para>
|
||||
<para>For more information, see the <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/ch_networking.html"
|
||||
>Networking</link> chapter of the <citetitle>OpenStack Cloud
|
||||
Administrator Guide</citetitle>.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_neutron-networking">
|
||||
<title>OpenStack Networking (neutron)</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-concepts.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-controller-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-network-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-compute-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-initial-networks.xml"/>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_networking_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes the core components
|
||||
necessary to launch a basic instance. You can <link
|
||||
linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add
|
||||
more OpenStack services to your environment.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_basics">
|
||||
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
||||
<title>Basic environment configuration</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The trunk version of this guide focuses on the Icehouse
|
||||
release and will not work for the current Juno release. If
|
||||
you want to install Juno, you must use the <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org">Juno version</link>
|
||||
of this guide instead.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This chapter explains how to configure each node in the
|
||||
<link linkend="architecture_example-architectures">example architectures</link>
|
||||
including the <link linkend="example-architecture-with-legacy-networking">
|
||||
two-node architecture with legacy networking</link> and
|
||||
<link linkend="example-architecture-with-neutron-networking">three-node
|
||||
architecture with OpenStack Networking (neutron)</link>.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Although most environments include OpenStack Identity, Image Service,
|
||||
Compute, one networking service, and the dashboard, OpenStack
|
||||
Object Storage can operate independently of most other services. If your
|
||||
use case only involves Object Storage, you can skip to
|
||||
<!-- xref linkend="object-storage-system-requirements"/-->. However, the
|
||||
dashboard will not work without at least the OpenStack Image Service and
|
||||
Compute.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>You must use an account with administrative privileges to configure
|
||||
each node. Either run the commands as the <literal>root</literal> user
|
||||
or configure the <literal>sudo</literal> utility.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-prerequisites.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-networking.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-ntp.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-passwords.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-database.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-packages.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_basics-queue.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_ceilometer">
|
||||
<title>Add the Telemetry module</title>
|
||||
<para>Telemetry provides a framework for monitoring and metering
|
||||
the OpenStack cloud. It is also known as the ceilometer
|
||||
project.</para>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-controller.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-nova.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-glance.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-cinder.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-swift.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_ceilometer-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_ceilometer_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes Telemetry. You can
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add more
|
||||
services to your environment in the previous chapters.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_cinder">
|
||||
<title>Add the Block Storage service</title>
|
||||
<para>The OpenStack Block Storage service provides block storage devices
|
||||
to instances using various backends. The Block Storage API and scheduler
|
||||
services run on the controller node and the volume service runs on one
|
||||
or more storage nodes. Storage nodes provide volumes to instances using
|
||||
local block storage devices or SAN/NAS backends with the appropriate
|
||||
drivers. For more information, see the
|
||||
<link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/juno/config-reference/content/section_volume-drivers.html"
|
||||
><citetitle>Configuration Reference</citetitle></link>.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>This chapter omits the backup manager because it depends on the
|
||||
Object Storage service.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_cinder-controller-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_cinder-storage-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_cinder-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_cinder_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes Block Storage. You can
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add more
|
||||
services to your environment in the following chapters.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_clients">
|
||||
<title>Install and configure the OpenStack clients</title>
|
||||
<para>The following sections contain information about working
|
||||
with the OpenStack clients. Recall: in the previous section,
|
||||
you used the <command>keystone</command> client.</para>
|
||||
<para>You must install the client tools to complete the rest of
|
||||
the installation.</para>
|
||||
<para>Configure the clients on your desktop rather than on the
|
||||
server so that you have a similar experience to your
|
||||
users.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="ch_clients_openrc_files">
|
||||
<title>Create openrc.sh files</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
As explained in <xref linkend="openrc-create"/>,
|
||||
<phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles;ubuntu"> use the
|
||||
credentials from <xref linkend="keystone-users"/> and</phrase>
|
||||
create the following
|
||||
<filename><replaceable>PROJECT</replaceable>-openrc.sh</filename>
|
||||
files:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<filename>admin-openrc.sh</filename> for the administrative user
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<filename>demo-openrc.sh</filename> for the normal user:
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" audience="installer">export OS_USERNAME=demo
|
||||
export OS_PASSWORD=<replaceable>DEMO_PASS</replaceable>
|
||||
export OS_TENANT_NAME=demo
|
||||
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://<replaceable>controller</replaceable>:35357/v2.0</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_debconf"
|
||||
os="debian">
|
||||
<title>Configure OpenStack with debconf</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_debconf-concepts.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_debconf-dbconfig-common.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_debconf-rabbitmq.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_debconf-keystone_authtoken.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_debconf-api-endpoints.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_glance">
|
||||
<title>Add the Image Service</title>
|
||||
<para>The OpenStack Image Service (glance) enables users to discover,
|
||||
register, and retrieve virtual machine images. It offers a <glossterm
|
||||
baseform="RESTful">REST</glossterm> API that enables you to
|
||||
query virtual machine image metadata and retrieve an actual image.
|
||||
You can store virtual machine images made available through the
|
||||
Image Service in a variety of locations, from simple file systems
|
||||
to object-storage systems like OpenStack Object Storage.</para>
|
||||
<important>
|
||||
<para>For simplicity, this guide describes configuring the Image Service to
|
||||
use the <literal>file</literal> back end, which uploads and stores in a
|
||||
directory on the controller node hosting the Image Service. By
|
||||
default, this directory is <filename>/var/lib/glance/images/</filename>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>Before you proceed, ensure that the controller node has at least
|
||||
several gigabytes of space available in this directory.</para>
|
||||
<para>For information on requirements for other back ends, see <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/ch_configuring-openstack-image-service.html"
|
||||
><citetitle>Configuration
|
||||
Reference</citetitle></link>.</para>
|
||||
</important>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_glance-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_glance-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_heat">
|
||||
<title>Add the Orchestration module</title>
|
||||
<para>The Orchestration module (heat) uses a heat orchestration template
|
||||
(HOT) to create and manage cloud resources.</para>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_heat-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_heat-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_heat_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes Orchestration. You can
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add more
|
||||
services to your environment in the following chapters.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_horizon">
|
||||
<title>Add the dashboard</title>
|
||||
<para>The OpenStack dashboard, also known as <link
|
||||
xlink:href="https://github.com/openstack/horizon/"
|
||||
>Horizon</link>, is a Web interface that enables cloud
|
||||
administrators and users to manage various OpenStack resources and
|
||||
services.</para>
|
||||
<para>The dashboard enables web-based interactions with the
|
||||
OpenStack Compute cloud controller through the OpenStack
|
||||
APIs.</para>
|
||||
<para>Horizon enables you to customize the brand of the dashboard.</para>
|
||||
<para>Horizon provides a set of core classes and reusable templates and tools.</para>
|
||||
<para>This example deployment uses an Apache web server.</para>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_dashboard-system-reqs.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_dashboard-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_dashboard-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_horizon_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes the dashboard. You can
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add
|
||||
more services to your environment in the following chapters.</para>
|
||||
<para>After you install and configure the dashboard, you can
|
||||
complete the following tasks:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Customize your dashboard. See section <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/ch_install-dashboard.html#dashboard-custom-brand"
|
||||
>Customize the dashboard</link> in the <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/"
|
||||
><citetitle>OpenStack Cloud Administrator Guide</citetitle></link>
|
||||
for information on setting up colors, logos, and site titles.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Set up session storage. See section <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/dashboard-sessions.html#dashboard-sessions">Set up session storage for the dashboard</link>
|
||||
in the <link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/"
|
||||
><citetitle>OpenStack Cloud Administrator Guide</citetitle></link> for information on user
|
||||
session data.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_keystone">
|
||||
<title>Add the Identity service</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_keystone-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_keystone-users.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_keystone-services.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_keystone-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_keystone-openrc.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="launch-instance">
|
||||
<title>Launch an instance</title>
|
||||
<para>An instance is a VM that OpenStack provisions on a compute node.
|
||||
This guide shows you how to launch a minimal instance using the
|
||||
<glossterm>CirrOS</glossterm> image that you added to your environment
|
||||
in the <xref linkend="ch_glance"/> chapter. In these steps, you use the
|
||||
command-line interface (CLI) on your controller node or any system with
|
||||
the appropriate OpenStack client libraries. To use the dashboard, see the
|
||||
<link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/ch_dashboard.html">
|
||||
<citetitle>OpenStack User Guide</citetitle></link>.</para>
|
||||
<para>Launch an instance using
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance-neutron">OpenStack Networking (neutron)
|
||||
</link> or
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance-nova">legacy networking (nova-network)
|
||||
</link>. For more
|
||||
information, see the
|
||||
<link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/cli_launch_instances.html">
|
||||
<citetitle>OpenStack User Guide</citetitle></link>.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>These steps reference example components created in previous
|
||||
chapters. You must adjust certain values such as IP addresses to
|
||||
match your environment.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_launch-instance-neutron.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_launch-instance-nova.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_networking">
|
||||
<title>Add a networking component</title>
|
||||
<para>This chapter explains how to install and configure either
|
||||
OpenStack Networking (neutron) or the legacy <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-network</systemitem> networking service.
|
||||
The <systemitem class="service">nova-network</systemitem> service
|
||||
enables you to deploy one network type per instance and is
|
||||
suitable for basic network functionality. OpenStack Networking
|
||||
enables you to deploy multiple network types per instance and
|
||||
includes <glossterm baseform="plug-in">plug-ins</glossterm> for a
|
||||
variety of products that support <glossterm>virtual
|
||||
networking</glossterm>.</para>
|
||||
<para>For more information, see the <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/ch_networking.html"
|
||||
>Networking</link> chapter of the <citetitle>OpenStack Cloud
|
||||
Administrator Guide</citetitle>.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_neutron-networking">
|
||||
<title>OpenStack Networking (neutron)</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-concepts.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-controller-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-network-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-compute-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_neutron-initial-networks.xml"/>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_nova-networking">
|
||||
<title>Legacy networking (nova-network)</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-networking-controller-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-networking-compute-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-networking-initial-network.xml"/>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_networking_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes the core components
|
||||
necessary to launch a basic instance. You can <link
|
||||
linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add
|
||||
more OpenStack services to your environment.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_nova">
|
||||
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
||||
<title>Add the Compute service</title>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-controller-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-compute-install.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_nova-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_overview">
|
||||
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
||||
<title>Architecture</title>
|
||||
<section xml:id="architecture_overview">
|
||||
<title>Overview</title>
|
||||
<para>The <glossterm>OpenStack</glossterm> project is an open source cloud
|
||||
computing platform that supports all types of cloud environments. The
|
||||
project aims for simple implementation, massive scalability, and a rich
|
||||
set of features. Cloud computing experts from around the world
|
||||
contribute to the project.</para>
|
||||
<para>OpenStack provides an Infrastructure-as-a-Service
|
||||
(<glossterm>IaaS</glossterm>) solution through a variety of complemental
|
||||
services. Each service offers an application programming interface
|
||||
(<glossterm>API</glossterm>) that facilitates this integration. The
|
||||
following table provides a list of OpenStack services:</para>
|
||||
<para>This guide describes how to deploy these services in a functional
|
||||
test environment and, by example, teaches you how to build a production
|
||||
environment.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="architecture_conceptual-architecture">
|
||||
<title>Conceptual architecture</title>
|
||||
<para>Launching a virtual machine or instance involves many interactions
|
||||
among several services. The following diagram provides the conceptual
|
||||
architecture of a typical OpenStack environment.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="architecture_example-architectures">
|
||||
<title>Example architectures</title>
|
||||
<para>OpenStack is highly configurable to meet different needs with various
|
||||
compute, networking, and storage options. This guide enables you to
|
||||
choose your own OpenStack adventure using a combination of basic and
|
||||
optional services. This guide uses the following example
|
||||
architectures:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The basic controller node runs the Identity service, Image
|
||||
Service, management portions of Compute and Networking,
|
||||
Networking plug-in, and the dashboard. It also includes
|
||||
supporting services such as a database,
|
||||
<glossterm>message broker</glossterm>, and
|
||||
<glossterm>Network Time Protocol (NTP)</glossterm>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>Optionally, the controller node also runs portions of
|
||||
Block Storage, Object Storage, Database Service, Orchestration,
|
||||
and Telemetry. These components provide additional features for
|
||||
your environment.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The network node runs the Networking plug-in, layer-2 agent,
|
||||
and several layer-3 agents that provision and operate tenant
|
||||
networks. Layer-2 services include provisioning of virtual
|
||||
networks and tunnels. Layer-3 services include routing,
|
||||
<glossterm baseform="Network Address Translation (NAT)">NAT</glossterm>,
|
||||
and <glossterm>DHCP</glossterm>. This node also handles
|
||||
external (Internet) connectivity for tenant virtual machines
|
||||
or instances.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The compute node runs the hypervisor portion of Compute,
|
||||
which operates tenant virtual machines or instances. By default
|
||||
Compute uses KVM as the hypervisor. The compute node also runs
|
||||
the Networking plug-in and layer-2 agent which operate tenant
|
||||
networks and implement security groups. You can run more than
|
||||
one compute node.</para>
|
||||
<para>Optionally, the compute node also runs the Telemetry
|
||||
agent. This component provides additional features for
|
||||
your environment.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The optional storage node contains the disks that the Block
|
||||
Storage service uses to serve volumes. You can run more than one
|
||||
storage node.</para>
|
||||
<para>Optionally, the storage node also runs the Telemetry
|
||||
agent. This component provides additional features for
|
||||
your environment.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>When you implement this architecture, skip
|
||||
To use optional services, you
|
||||
might need to install additional nodes, as described in
|
||||
subsequent chapters.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<figure xml:id="example-architecture-with-neutron-networking">
|
||||
<title>Three-node architecture with OpenStack Networking (neutron)</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata contentwidth="6in"
|
||||
fileref="figures/installguide_arch-neutron.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Two-node architecture with legacy networking (nova-network). See</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The basic
|
||||
<glossterm baseform="cloud controller node">controller node</glossterm>
|
||||
runs the Identity service, Image Service, management portion of
|
||||
Compute, and the dashboard necessary to launch a simple instance.
|
||||
It also includes supporting services such as a database, message
|
||||
broker, and NTP.</para>
|
||||
<para>Optionally, the controller node also runs portions of
|
||||
Block Storage, Object Storage, Database Service, Orchestration,
|
||||
and Telemetry. These components provide additional features for
|
||||
your environment.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The basic <glossterm>compute node</glossterm> runs the
|
||||
<glossterm>hypervisor</glossterm> portion of Compute,
|
||||
which operates <glossterm>tenant</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossterm baseform="virtual machine (VM)">virtual machines</glossterm>
|
||||
or instances. By default, Compute uses
|
||||
<glossterm baseform="kernel-based VM (KVM)">KVM</glossterm>
|
||||
as the <glossterm>hypervisor</glossterm>. Compute also
|
||||
provisions and operates tenant networks and implements
|
||||
<glossterm baseform="security group">security groups</glossterm>.
|
||||
You can run more than one compute node.</para>
|
||||
<para>Optionally, the compute node also runs the Telemetry
|
||||
agent. This component provides additional features for
|
||||
your environment.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>When you implement this architecture, skip
|
||||
might need to install additional nodes, as described in
|
||||
subsequent chapters.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<figure xml:id="example-architecture-with-legacy-networking">
|
||||
<title>Two-node architecture with legacy networking (nova-network)</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata contentwidth="6in"
|
||||
fileref="figures/installguide_arch-nova.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_sahara">
|
||||
<title>Add the Data processing service</title>
|
||||
<para>The Data processing service (sahara) enables users to provide a
|
||||
scalable data processing stack and associated management interfaces.
|
||||
This includes provision and operation of data processing clusters as
|
||||
well as scheduling and operation of data processing jobs.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<warning><para>This chapter is a work in progress. It may contain
|
||||
incorrect information, and will be updated frequently.</para></warning>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_sahara-install.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_sahara-verify.xml" />
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_swift">
|
||||
<title>Add Object Storage</title>
|
||||
<para>The OpenStack Object Storage services work together to provide
|
||||
object storage and retrieval through a REST API. For this example
|
||||
architecture, you must have already installed the Identity
|
||||
Service, also known as Keystone.</para>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-system-reqs.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-example-arch.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-controller-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-storage-node.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-initial-rings.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-finalize-installation.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include
|
||||
href="object-storage/section_swift-verify.xml"/>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_swift_next_steps">
|
||||
<title>Next steps</title>
|
||||
<para>Your OpenStack environment now includes Object Storage. You can
|
||||
<link linkend="launch-instance">launch an instance</link> or add more
|
||||
services to your environment in the following chapters.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="ch_trove">
|
||||
<title>Add the Database service</title>
|
||||
<para>Use the <glossterm baseform="Database Service">Database
|
||||
module</glossterm> to create cloud database resources. The
|
||||
integrated project name is <glossterm>trove</glossterm>.</para>
|
||||
<warning><para>This chapter is a work in progress. It may contain
|
||||
incorrect information, and will be updated frequently.</para></warning>
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_trove-install.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="section_trove-verify.xml" />
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="getting-started-with-vnc-proxy">
|
||||
<title>VNC console proxy</title>
|
||||
<para>The VNC proxy is an OpenStack component that enables compute
|
||||
service users to access their instances through VNC
|
||||
clients.</para>
|
||||
<para>The VNC console connection works as follows:</para>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A user connects to the API and gets an
|
||||
<literal>access_url</literal> such as,
|
||||
<literal>http://<replaceable>ip:port</replaceable>/?token=xyz</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The user pastes the URL in a browser or uses it as a
|
||||
client parameter.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The browser or client connects to the proxy.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The proxy talks to <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> to authorize the token for
|
||||
the user, and maps the token to the
|
||||
<emphasis>private</emphasis> host and port of the VNC server
|
||||
for an instance.</para>
|
||||
<para>The compute host specifies the address that the proxy
|
||||
should use to connect through the
|
||||
<filename>nova.conf</filename> file option,
|
||||
<option>vncserver_proxyclient_address</option>. In this way,
|
||||
the VNC proxy works as a bridge between the public network and
|
||||
private host network.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The proxy initiates the connection to VNC server and
|
||||
continues to proxy until the session ends.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
<para>The proxy also tunnels the VNC protocol over WebSockets so that the
|
||||
<systemitem>noVNC</systemitem> client can talk to VNC servers. In general, the VNC
|
||||
proxy:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Bridges between the public network where the clients live and the private network where
|
||||
VNC servers live.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Mediates token authentication.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Transparently deals with hypervisor-specific connection
|
||||
details to provide a uniform client experience.</para>
|
||||
<figure xml:id="novnc-process">
|
||||
<title>noVNC process</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata
|
||||
fileref="../common/figures/novnc/SCH_5009_V00_NUAC-VNC_OpenStack.png"
|
||||
format="PNG" width="5in"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<section xml:id="about-nova-consoleauth">
|
||||
<info>
|
||||
<title>About nova-consoleauth</title>
|
||||
</info>
|
||||
<para>Both client proxies leverage a shared service to manage
|
||||
token authentication called <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem>. This service must be running
|
||||
for either proxy to work. Many proxies of either type can be run
|
||||
against a single <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> service in a cluster
|
||||
configuration.</para>
|
||||
<para>Do not confuse the <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> shared service with
|
||||
<literal>nova-console</literal>, which is a XenAPI-specific
|
||||
service that most recent VNC proxy architectures do not
|
||||
use.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="typical-deployment">
|
||||
<title>Typical deployment</title>
|
||||
<para>A typical deployment has the following components:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> process. Typically runs on
|
||||
the controller host.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>One or more <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-novncproxy</systemitem> services. Supports
|
||||
browser-based noVNC clients. For simple deployments, this
|
||||
service typically runs on the same machine as <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-api</systemitem> because it operates
|
||||
as a proxy between the public network and the private
|
||||
compute host network.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>One or more <literal>nova-xvpvncproxy</literal>
|
||||
services. Supports the special Java client discussed here.
|
||||
For simple deployments, this service typically runs on the
|
||||
same machine as <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-api</systemitem> because it acts as a proxy between
|
||||
the public network and the private compute host
|
||||
network.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>One or more compute hosts. These compute hosts must have
|
||||
correctly configured options, as follows.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="vnc-configuration-options">
|
||||
<title>VNC configuration options</title>
|
||||
<para>To customize the VNC console, use the following configuration options:</para>
|
||||
<xi:include href="../common/tables/nova-vnc.xml"/>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>To support <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/configuring-openstack-compute-basics.html#section_configuring-compute-migrations"
|
||||
>live migration</link>, you cannot specify a specific IP
|
||||
address for <literal>vncserver_listen</literal>, because that
|
||||
IP address does not exist on the destination host.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The <literal>vncserver_proxyclient_address</literal> defaults to
|
||||
<literal>127.0.0.1</literal>, which is the address of the compute host that
|
||||
Compute instructs proxies to use when connecting to instance servers.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>For all-in-one XenServer domU deployments, set this to 169.254.0.1.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>For multi-host XenServer domU deployments, set to a dom0 management IP on the
|
||||
same network as the proxies.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>For multi-host libvirt deployments, set to a host management IP on the same
|
||||
network as the proxies.</para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="nova-vncproxy-replaced-with-nova-novncproxy">
|
||||
<info>
|
||||
<title>nova-novncproxy (noVNC)</title>
|
||||
</info>
|
||||
<para>You must install the <package>noVNC</package> package, which contains the <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-novncproxy</systemitem> service. As root, run the following
|
||||
command:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install novnc</userinput></programlisting>
|
||||
<para>The service starts automatically on installation.</para>
|
||||
<para>To restart the service, run:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service novnc restart</userinput></programlisting>
|
||||
<para>The configuration option parameter should point to your
|
||||
<filename>nova.conf</filename> file, which includes the
|
||||
message queue server address and credentials.</para>
|
||||
<para>By default, <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-novncproxy</systemitem> binds on
|
||||
<literal>0.0.0.0:6080</literal>.</para>
|
||||
<para>To connect the service to your Compute deployment, add the following configuration options
|
||||
to your <filename>nova.conf</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<literal>vncserver_listen</literal>=<replaceable>0.0.0.0</replaceable>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>Specifies the address on which the VNC service should
|
||||
bind. Make sure it is assigned one of the compute node
|
||||
interfaces. This address is the one used by your domain
|
||||
file.</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false"> <graphics type="vnc" autoport="yes" keymap="en-us" listen="0.0.0.0"/></programlisting>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>To use live migration, use the
|
||||
<replaceable>0.0.0.0</replaceable> address.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<literal>vncserver_proxyclient_address</literal>=<replaceable>127.0.0.1</replaceable>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>The address of the compute host that Compute instructs proxies to use when connecting
|
||||
to instance <literal>vncservers</literal>.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="faq-about-vnc">
|
||||
<info>
|
||||
<title>Frequently asked questions about VNC access to virtual
|
||||
machines</title>
|
||||
</info>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Q: What is the difference between
|
||||
<literal>nova-xvpvncproxy</literal> and <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-novncproxy</systemitem>?</emphasis>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>A: <literal>nova-xvpvncproxy</literal>, which ships with OpenStack Compute, is a proxy
|
||||
that supports a simple Java client. <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-novncproxy</systemitem> uses noVNC to provide VNC support through a web
|
||||
browser.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Q: I want VNC support in the OpenStack dashboard. What services
|
||||
do I need? </emphasis></para>
|
||||
<para>A: You need <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-novncproxy</systemitem>, <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem>, and correctly configured
|
||||
compute hosts.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Q: When I use <command>nova get-vnc-console</command> or click
|
||||
on the VNC tab of the OpenStack dashboard, it hangs. Why? </emphasis></para>
|
||||
<para>A: Make sure you are running <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> (in addition to <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">nova-novncproxy</systemitem>). The proxies
|
||||
rely on <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-consoleauth</systemitem> to validate tokens, and
|
||||
waits for a reply from them until a timeout is reached.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Q: My VNC proxy worked fine during
|
||||
my all-in-one test, but now it doesn't work on multi host.
|
||||
Why? </emphasis></para>
|
||||
<para>A: The default options work for an all-in-one install,
|
||||
but changes must be made on your compute hosts once you
|
||||
start to build a cluster. As an example, suppose you have
|
||||
two servers:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false">PROXYSERVER (public_ip=172.24.1.1, management_ip=192.168.1.1)
|
||||
COMPUTESERVER (management_ip=192.168.1.2)</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>Your <systemitem class="service"
|
||||
>nova-compute</systemitem> configuration file must set the
|
||||
following values:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false"># These flags help construct a connection data structure
|
||||
vncserver_proxyclient_address=192.168.1.2
|
||||
novncproxy_base_url=http://172.24.1.1:6080/vnc_auto.html
|
||||
xvpvncproxy_base_url=http://172.24.1.1:6081/console
|
||||
|
||||
# This is the address where the underlying vncserver (not the proxy)
|
||||
# will listen for connections.
|
||||
vncserver_listen=192.168.1.2</programlisting>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para><literal>novncproxy_base_url</literal> and
|
||||
<literal>xvpvncproxy_base_url</literal> use a public IP;
|
||||
this is the URL that is ultimately returned to clients,
|
||||
which generally do not have access to your private
|
||||
network. Your PROXYSERVER must be able to reach
|
||||
<literal>vncserver_proxyclient_address</literal>,
|
||||
because that is the address over which the VNC connection
|
||||
is proxied.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">Q: My noVNC does not work with recent
|
||||
versions of web browsers. Why?</emphasis>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>A: Make sure you have installed
|
||||
<literal>python-numpy</literal>, which is required to
|
||||
support a newer version of the WebSocket protocol
|
||||
(HyBi-07+).</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">Q: How do I adjust the dimensions of
|
||||
the VNC window image in the OpenStack
|
||||
dashboard?</emphasis></para>
|
||||
<para>A: These values are hard-coded in a Django HTML
|
||||
template. To alter them, edit the
|
||||
<filename>_detail_vnc.html</filename> template file. The
|
||||
location of this file varies based on Linux distribution. On
|
||||
Ubuntu 12.04, the file is at
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/pyshared/horizon/dashboards/nova/instances/templates/instances/_detail_vnc.html</filename>.</para>
|
||||
<para>Modify the <option>width</option> and
|
||||
<option>height</option> options, as follows:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash" role="gutter: false"><iframe src="{{ vnc_url }}" width="720" height="430"></iframe></programlisting>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="keystone-concepts">
|
||||
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
||||
<title>OpenStack Identity concepts</title>
|
||||
<para>The OpenStack<glossterm>Identity Service</glossterm> performs the
|
||||
following functions:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Tracking users and their permissions.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Providing a catalog of available services with their API
|
||||
endpoints.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<para>When installing OpenStack Identity service, you must register
|
||||
each service in your OpenStack installation. Identity service
|
||||
can then track which OpenStack services are installed, and
|
||||
where they are located on the network.</para>
|
||||
<para>To understand OpenStack Identity, you must understand the
|
||||
following concepts:</para>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>User</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Digital representation of a person, system, or
|
||||
service who uses OpenStack cloud services. The
|
||||
Identity service validates that incoming requests
|
||||
are made by the user who claims to be making the
|
||||
call. Users have a login and may be assigned
|
||||
tokens to access resources. Users can be directly
|
||||
assigned to a particular tenant and behave as if
|
||||
they are contained in that tenant.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Credentials</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Data that confirms the user's identity. For
|
||||
example: user name and password, user name and API
|
||||
key, or an authentication token provided by the
|
||||
Identity Service.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Authentication</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The process of confirming the identity of a user.
|
||||
OpenStack Identity confirms an incoming request
|
||||
by validating a set of credentials supplied by the
|
||||
user.</para>
|
||||
<para>These credentials are initially a user name and
|
||||
password, or a user name and API key. When user
|
||||
credentials are validated, OpenStack Identity issues an
|
||||
authentication token which the user provides in subsequent
|
||||
requests.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Token</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>An alpha-numeric string of text used to access
|
||||
OpenStack APIs and resources. A token may be
|
||||
revoked at any time and is valid for a
|
||||
finite duration.</para>
|
||||
<para>While OpenStack Identity supports token-based
|
||||
authentication in this release, the intention is
|
||||
to support additional protocols in the future.
|
||||
Its main purpose is to be an integration service,
|
||||
and not aspire to be a full-fledged identity store
|
||||
and management solution.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Tenant</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A container used to group or isolate resources.
|
||||
Tenants also group or isolate identity objects.
|
||||
Depending on the service operator, a tenant may map
|
||||
to a customer, account, organization, or project.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Service</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>An OpenStack service, such as Compute (nova),
|
||||
Object Storage (swift), or Image Service (glance).
|
||||
It provides one or more endpoints in which
|
||||
users can access resources and perform operations.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Endpoint</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A network-accessible address where you access a service,
|
||||
usually a URL address. If you are using an extension for
|
||||
templates, an endpoint template can be created, which
|
||||
represents the templates of all the consumable services
|
||||
that are available across the regions.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Role</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A personality with a defined set of user rights and
|
||||
privileges to perform a specific set of operations.</para>
|
||||
<para>In the Identity service, a token that is issued
|
||||
to a user includes the list of roles. Services that are
|
||||
being called by that user determine how they interpret the
|
||||
set of roles a user has and to which operations or
|
||||
resources each role grants access.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>Keystone Client</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>A command line interface for the OpenStack
|
||||
Identity API. For example, users can run the
|
||||
<command>keystone service-create</command> and
|
||||
<command>keystone endpoint-create</command> commands
|
||||
to register services in their OpenStack
|
||||
installations.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
<para>The following diagram shows the OpenStack Identity process
|
||||
flow:</para>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject role="fo">
|
||||
<imagedata
|
||||
fileref="figures/SCH_5002_V00_NUAC-Keystone.png"
|
||||
format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
<imageobject role="html">
|
||||
<imagedata
|
||||
fileref="figures/SCH_5002_V00_NUAC-Keystone.png"
|
||||
format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-account-reaper">
|
||||
<title>Account reaper</title>
|
||||
<para>In the background, the account reaper removes data from the deleted accounts.</para>
|
||||
<para>A reseller marks an account for deletion by issuing a <code>DELETE</code> request on the account’s
|
||||
storage URL. This action sets the <code>status</code> column of the account_stat table in the account
|
||||
database and replicas to <code>DELETED</code>, marking the account's data for deletion.</para>
|
||||
<para>Typically, a specific retention time or undelete are not provided. However, you can set a
|
||||
<code>delay_reaping</code> value in the <code>[account-reaper]</code> section of the
|
||||
account-server.conf to delay the actual deletion of data. At this time, to undelete you have
|
||||
to update the account database replicas directly, setting the status column to an empty
|
||||
string and updating the put_timestamp to be greater than the delete_timestamp.
|
||||
<note><para>It's on the developers' to-do list to write a utility that performs this task, preferably
|
||||
through a ReST call.</para></note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>The account reaper runs on each account server and scans the server occasionally for
|
||||
account databases marked for deletion. It only fires up on the accounts for which the server
|
||||
is the primary node, so that multiple account servers aren’t trying to do it simultaneously.
|
||||
Using multiple servers to delete one account might improve the deletion speed but requires
|
||||
coordination to avoid duplication. Speed really is not a big concern with data deletion, and
|
||||
large accounts aren’t deleted often.</para>
|
||||
<para>Deleting an account is simple. For each account container, all objects are deleted and
|
||||
then the container is deleted. Deletion requests that fail will not stop the overall process
|
||||
but will cause the overall process to fail eventually (for example, if an object delete
|
||||
times out, you will not be able to delete the container or the account). The account reaper
|
||||
keeps trying to delete an account until it is empty, at which point the database reclaim
|
||||
process within the db_replicator will remove the database files.</para>
|
||||
<para>A persistent error state may prevent the deletion of an object
|
||||
or container. If this happens, you will see
|
||||
a message such as <code>“Account <name> has not been reaped
|
||||
since <date>”</code> in the log. You can control when this is
|
||||
logged with the <code>reap_warn_after</code> value in the <code>[account-reaper]</code>
|
||||
section of the account-server.conf file. The default value is 30
|
||||
days.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE section [
|
||||
<!ENTITY % openstack SYSTEM "entities/openstack.ent">
|
||||
%openstack;
|
||||
]>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-cluster-architecture">
|
||||
<title>Cluster architecture</title>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_access-tier">
|
||||
<title>Access tier</title>
|
||||
<para>Large-scale deployments segment off an access tier, which is considered the Object Storage
|
||||
system's central hub. The access tier fields the incoming API requests from clients and
|
||||
moves data in and out of the system. This tier consists of front-end load balancers,
|
||||
ssl-terminators, and authentication services. It runs the (distributed) brain of the
|
||||
Object Storage system: the proxy server processes.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Object Storage architecture</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-arch.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>Because access servers are collocated in their own tier, you can scale out read/write
|
||||
access regardless of the storage capacity. For example, if a cluster is on the public
|
||||
Internet, requires SSL termination, and has a high demand for data access, you can
|
||||
provision many access servers. However, if the cluster is on a private network and used
|
||||
primarily for archival purposes, you need fewer access servers.</para>
|
||||
<para>Since this is an HTTP addressable storage service, you may incorporate a load balancer
|
||||
into the access tier.</para>
|
||||
<para>Typically, the tier consists of a collection of 1U servers. These machines use a
|
||||
moderate amount of RAM and are network I/O intensive. Since these systems field each
|
||||
incoming API request, you should provision them with two high-throughput (10GbE)
|
||||
interfaces - one for the incoming "front-end" requests and the other for the "back-end"
|
||||
access to the object storage nodes to put and fetch data.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_access-tier-considerations">
|
||||
<title>Factors to consider</title>
|
||||
<para>For most publicly facing deployments as well as private deployments available
|
||||
across a wide-reaching corporate network, you use SSL to encrypt traffic to the
|
||||
client. SSL adds significant processing load to establish sessions between clients,
|
||||
which is why you have to provision more capacity in the access layer. SSL may not be
|
||||
required for private deployments on trusted networks.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_storage-nodes">
|
||||
<title>Storage nodes</title>
|
||||
<para>In most configurations, each of the five zones should have an equal amount of storage
|
||||
capacity. Storage nodes use a reasonable amount of memory and CPU. Metadata needs to be
|
||||
readily available to return objects quickly. The object stores run services not only to
|
||||
field incoming requests from the access tier, but to also run replicators, auditors, and
|
||||
reapers. You can provision object stores provisioned with single gigabit or 10 gigabit
|
||||
network interface depending on the expected workload and desired performance.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Object Storage (swift)</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-nodes.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>Currently, a 2 TB or 3 TB SATA disk delivers
|
||||
good performance for the price. You can use desktop-grade
|
||||
drives if you have responsive remote hands in the datacenter
|
||||
and enterprise-grade drives if you don't.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_storage-nodes-considerations">
|
||||
<title>Factors to consider</title>
|
||||
<para>You should keep in mind the desired I/O performance for single-threaded requests .
|
||||
This system does not use RAID, so a single disk handles each request for an object.
|
||||
Disk performance impacts single-threaded response rates.</para>
|
||||
<para>To achieve apparent higher throughput, the object storage system is designed to
|
||||
handle concurrent uploads/downloads. The network I/O capacity (1GbE, bonded 1GbE
|
||||
pair, or 10GbE) should match your desired concurrent throughput needs for reads and
|
||||
writes.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="objectstorage_characteristics">
|
||||
<title>Object Storage characteristics</title>
|
||||
<para>The key characteristics of Object Storage are that:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>All objects stored in Object Storage have a URL.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>All objects stored are replicated 3✕ in as-unique-as-possible zones, which
|
||||
can be defined as a group of drives, a node, a rack, and so on.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>All objects have their own metadata.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Developers interact with the object storage system through a RESTful HTTP
|
||||
API.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Object data can be located anywhere in the cluster.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The cluster scales by adding additional nodes without sacrificing performance,
|
||||
which allows a more cost-effective linear storage expansion than fork-lift
|
||||
upgrades.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Data doesn't have to be migrate to an entirely new storage system.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>New nodes can be added to the cluster without downtime.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Failed nodes and disks can be swapped out without downtime.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>It runs on industry-standard hardware, such as Dell, HP, and Supermicro.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Object Storage (swift)</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>Developers can either write directly to the Swift API or use one of the many client
|
||||
libraries that exist for all of the popular programming languages, such as Java, Python,
|
||||
Ruby, and C#. Amazon S3 and RackSpace Cloud Files users should be very familiar with Object
|
||||
Storage. Users new to object storage systems will have to adjust to a different approach and
|
||||
mindset than those required for a traditional filesystem.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-components">
|
||||
<title>Components</title>
|
||||
<para>The components that enable Object Storage to deliver high availability, high
|
||||
durability, and high concurrency are:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Proxy servers.</emphasis> Handle all of the incoming
|
||||
API requests.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Rings.</emphasis> Map logical names of data to
|
||||
locations on particular disks.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Zones.</emphasis> Isolate data from other zones. A
|
||||
failure in one zone doesn’t impact the rest of the cluster because data is
|
||||
replicated across zones.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Accounts and containers.</emphasis> Each account and
|
||||
container are individual databases that are distributed across the cluster. An
|
||||
account database contains the list of containers in that account. A container
|
||||
database contains the list of objects in that container.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Objects.</emphasis> The data itself.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Partitions.</emphasis> A partition stores objects,
|
||||
account databases, and container databases and helps manage locations where data
|
||||
lives in the cluster.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Object Storage building blocks</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-buildingblocks.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_proxy-servers">
|
||||
<title>Proxy servers</title>
|
||||
<para>Proxy servers are the public face of Object Storage and handle all of the incoming API
|
||||
requests. Once a proxy server receives a request, it determines the storage node based
|
||||
on the object's URL, for example, https://swift.example.com/v1/account/container/object.
|
||||
Proxy servers also coordinate responses, handle failures, and coordinate
|
||||
timestamps.</para>
|
||||
<para>Proxy servers use a shared-nothing architecture and can be scaled as needed based on
|
||||
projected workloads. A minimum of two proxy servers should be deployed for redundancy.
|
||||
If one proxy server fails, the others take over.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_ring">
|
||||
<title>Rings</title>
|
||||
<para>A ring represents a mapping between the names of entities stored on disk and their
|
||||
physical locations. There are separate rings for accounts, containers, and objects. When
|
||||
other components need to perform any operation on an object, container, or account, they
|
||||
need to interact with the appropriate ring to determine their location in the
|
||||
cluster.</para>
|
||||
<para>The ring maintains this mapping using zones, devices, partitions, and replicas. Each
|
||||
partition in the ring is replicated, by default, three times across the cluster, and
|
||||
partition locations are stored in the mapping maintained by the ring. The ring is also
|
||||
responsible for determining which devices are used for handoff in failure
|
||||
scenarios.</para>
|
||||
<para>Data can be isolated into zones in the ring. Each partition replica is guaranteed to
|
||||
reside in a different zone. A zone could represent a drive, a server, a cabinet, a
|
||||
switch, or even a data center.</para>
|
||||
<para>The partitions of the ring are equally divided among all of the devices in the Object
|
||||
Storage installation. When partitions need to be moved around (for example, if a device
|
||||
is added to the cluster), the ring ensures that a minimum number of partitions are moved
|
||||
at a time, and only one replica of a partition is moved at a time.</para>
|
||||
<para>You can use weights to balance the distribution of partitions on drives across the
|
||||
cluster. This can be useful, for example, when differently sized drives are used in a
|
||||
cluster.</para>
|
||||
<para>The ring is used by the proxy server and several background processes (like
|
||||
replication).</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>The <emphasis role="bold">ring</emphasis></title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-ring.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>These rings are externally managed, in that the server processes themselves do not
|
||||
modify the rings, they are instead given new rings modified by other tools.</para>
|
||||
<para>The ring uses a configurable number of bits from an
|
||||
MD5 hash for a path as a partition index that designates a
|
||||
device. The number of bits kept from the hash is known as
|
||||
the partition power, and 2 to the partition power
|
||||
indicates the partition count. Partitioning the full MD5
|
||||
hash ring allows other parts of the cluster to work in
|
||||
batches of items at once which ends up either more
|
||||
efficient or at least less complex than working with each
|
||||
item separately or the entire cluster all at once.</para>
|
||||
<para>Another configurable value is the replica count, which indicates how many of the
|
||||
partition-device assignments make up a single ring. For a given partition number, each
|
||||
replica’s device will not be in the same zone as any other replica's device. Zones can
|
||||
be used to group devices based on physical locations, power separations, network
|
||||
separations, or any other attribute that would improve the availability of multiple
|
||||
replicas at the same time.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_zones">
|
||||
<title>Zones</title>
|
||||
<para>Object Storage allows configuring zones in order to isolate failure boundaries.
|
||||
Each data replica resides in a separate zone, if possible. At the smallest level, a zone
|
||||
could be a single drive or a grouping of a few drives. If there were five object storage
|
||||
servers, then each server would represent its own zone. Larger deployments would have an
|
||||
entire rack (or multiple racks) of object servers, each representing a zone. The goal of
|
||||
zones is to allow the cluster to tolerate significant outages of storage servers without
|
||||
losing all replicas of the data.</para>
|
||||
<para>As mentioned earlier, everything in Object Storage is stored, by default, three
|
||||
times. Swift will place each replica "as-uniquely-as-possible" to ensure both high
|
||||
availability and high durability. This means that when chosing a replica location,
|
||||
Object Storage chooses a server in an unused zone before an unused server in a zone that
|
||||
already has a replica of the data.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Zones</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-zones.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>When a disk fails, replica data is automatically distributed to the other zones to
|
||||
ensure there are three copies of the data.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_accounts-containers">
|
||||
<title>Accounts and containers</title>
|
||||
<para>Each account and container is an individual SQLite
|
||||
database that is distributed across the cluster. An
|
||||
account database contains the list of containers in
|
||||
that account. A container database contains the list
|
||||
of objects in that container.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Accounts and containers</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-accountscontainers.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>To keep track of object data locations, each account in the system has a database
|
||||
that references all of its containers, and each container database references each
|
||||
object.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_partitions">
|
||||
<title>Partitions</title>
|
||||
<para>A partition is a collection of stored data, including account databases, container
|
||||
databases, and objects. Partitions are core to the replication system.</para>
|
||||
<para>Think of a partition as a bin moving throughout a fulfillment center warehouse.
|
||||
Individual orders get thrown into the bin. The system treats that bin as a cohesive
|
||||
entity as it moves throughout the system. A bin is easier to deal with than many little
|
||||
things. It makes for fewer moving parts throughout the system.</para>
|
||||
<para>System replicators and object uploads/downloads operate on partitions. As the
|
||||
system scales up, its behavior continues to be predictable because the number of
|
||||
partitions is a fixed number.</para>
|
||||
<para>Implementing a partition is conceptually simple, a partition is just a
|
||||
directory sitting on a disk with a corresponding hash table of what it contains.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Partitions</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-partitions.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_replicators">
|
||||
<title>Replicators</title>
|
||||
<para>In order to ensure that there are three copies of the data everywhere, replicators
|
||||
continuously examine each partition. For each local partition, the replicator compares
|
||||
it against the replicated copies in the other zones to see if there are any
|
||||
differences.</para>
|
||||
<para>The replicator knows if replication needs to take place by examining hashes. A hash
|
||||
file is created for each partition, which contains hashes of each directory in the
|
||||
partition. Each of the three hash files is compared. For a given partition, the hash
|
||||
files for each of the partition's copies are compared. If the hashes are different, then
|
||||
it is time to replicate, and the directory that needs to be replicated is copied
|
||||
over.</para>
|
||||
<para>This is where partitions come in handy. With fewer things in the system, larger
|
||||
chunks of data are transferred around (rather than lots of little TCP connections, which
|
||||
is inefficient) and there is a consistent number of hashes to compare.</para>
|
||||
<para>The cluster eventually has a consistent behavior where the newest data has a
|
||||
priority.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Replication</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-replication.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>If a zone goes down, one of the nodes containing a replica notices and proactively
|
||||
copies data to a handoff location.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_usecases">
|
||||
<title>Use cases</title>
|
||||
<para>The following sections show use cases for object uploads and downloads and introduce the components.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="upload">
|
||||
<title>Upload</title>
|
||||
<para>A client uses the REST API to make a HTTP request to PUT an object into an existing
|
||||
container. The cluster receives the request. First, the system must figure out where
|
||||
the data is going to go. To do this, the account name, container name, and object
|
||||
name are all used to determine the partition where this object should live.</para>
|
||||
<para>Then a lookup in the ring figures out which storage nodes contain the partitions in
|
||||
question.</para>
|
||||
<para>The data is then sent to each storage node where it is placed in the appropriate
|
||||
partition. At least two of the three writes must be successful before the client is
|
||||
notified that the upload was successful.</para>
|
||||
<para>Next, the container database is updated asynchronously to reflect that there is a new
|
||||
object in it.</para>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<title>Object Storage in use</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="../common/figures/objectstorage-usecase.png"/>
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_swift-component-download">
|
||||
<title>Download</title>
|
||||
<para>A request comes in for an account/container/object. Using the same consistent hashing,
|
||||
the partition name is generated. A lookup in the ring reveals which storage nodes
|
||||
contain that partition. A request is made to one of the storage nodes to fetch the
|
||||
object and, if that fails, requests are made to the other nodes.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage_features">
|
||||
<title>Features and benefits</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<informaltable>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th>Features</th>
|
||||
<th>Benefits</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Leverages commodity hardware</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>No lock-in, lower price/GB.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">HDD/node failure agnostic</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Self-healing, reliable, data redundancy protects from
|
||||
failures.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Unlimited storage</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Large and flat namespace, highly scalable read/write
|
||||
access, able to serve content directly from storage system.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Multi-dimensional scalability</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>Scale-out architecture: Scale vertically and
|
||||
horizontally-distributed storage. Backs up and archives
|
||||
large amounts of data with linear performance.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Account/container/object structure</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>No nesting, not a traditional file system: Optimized
|
||||
for scale, it scales to multiple petabytes and billions of
|
||||
objects.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Built-in replication 3✕ +
|
||||
data redundancy (compared with 2✕ on RAID)</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>A configurable number of accounts, containers and
|
||||
object copies for high availability.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Easily add capacity (unlike
|
||||
RAID resize)</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Elastic data scaling with ease</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">No central database</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Higher performance, no bottlenecks</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">RAID not required</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Handle many small, random reads and writes efficiently</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Built-in management utilities</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Account management: Create, add, verify, and delete
|
||||
users; Container management: Upload, download, and verify;
|
||||
Monitoring: Capacity, host, network, log trawling, and
|
||||
cluster health.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Drive auditing</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Detect drive failures preempting data corruption</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Expiring objects</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Users can set an expiration time or a TTL on an object
|
||||
to control access</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Direct object access</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Enable direct browser access to content, such as for
|
||||
a control panel</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Realtime visibility into client
|
||||
requests</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Know what users are requesting.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Supports S3 API</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Utilize tools that were designed for the popular S3
|
||||
API.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Restrict containers per
|
||||
account</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Limit access to control usage by user.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Support for NetApp, Nexenta,
|
||||
SolidFire</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Unified support for block volumes using a variety of
|
||||
storage systems.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Snapshot and backup API for
|
||||
block volumes</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Data protection and recovery for VM data.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Standalone volume API
|
||||
available</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Separate endpoint and API for integration with other
|
||||
compute systems.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><emphasis role="bold">Integration with
|
||||
Compute</emphasis></td>
|
||||
<td>Fully integrated with Compute for attaching block
|
||||
volumes and reporting on usage.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-intro">
|
||||
<title>Introduction to Object Storage</title>
|
||||
<para>OpenStack Object Storage (code-named swift) is open source software for creating
|
||||
redundant, scalable data storage using clusters of standardized servers to store petabytes
|
||||
of accessible data. It is a long-term storage system for large amounts of static data that
|
||||
can be retrieved, leveraged, and updated. Object Storage uses a distributed architecture
|
||||
with no central point of control, providing greater scalability, redundancy, and permanence.
|
||||
Objects are written to multiple hardware devices, with the OpenStack software responsible
|
||||
for ensuring data replication and integrity across the cluster. Storage clusters scale
|
||||
horizontally by adding new nodes. Should a node fail, OpenStack works to replicate its
|
||||
content from other active nodes. Because OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data
|
||||
replication and distribution across different devices, inexpensive commodity hard drives and
|
||||
servers can be used in lieu of more expensive equipment.</para>
|
||||
<para>Object Storage is ideal for cost effective, scale-out storage. It provides a fully
|
||||
distributed, API-accessible storage platform that can be integrated directly into
|
||||
applications or used for backup, archiving, and data retention.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-replication">
|
||||
<title>Replication</title>
|
||||
<para>Because each replica in Object Storage functions
|
||||
independently and clients generally require only a simple
|
||||
majority of nodes to respond to consider an operation
|
||||
successful, transient failures like network partitions can
|
||||
quickly cause replicas to diverge. These differences are
|
||||
eventually reconciled by asynchronous, peer-to-peer replicator
|
||||
processes. The replicator processes traverse their local file
|
||||
systems and concurrently perform operations in a manner that
|
||||
balances load across physical disks.</para>
|
||||
<para>Replication uses a push model, with records and files
|
||||
generally only being copied from local to remote replicas.
|
||||
This is important because data on the node might not belong
|
||||
there (as in the case of hand offs and ring changes), and a
|
||||
replicator cannot know which data it should pull in from
|
||||
elsewhere in the cluster. Any node that contains data must
|
||||
ensure that data gets to where it belongs. The ring handles
|
||||
replica placement.</para>
|
||||
<para>To replicate deletions in addition to creations, every
|
||||
deleted record or file in the system is marked by a tombstone.
|
||||
The replication process cleans up tombstones after a time
|
||||
period known as the <emphasis role="italic">consistency
|
||||
window</emphasis>. This window defines the duration of the
|
||||
replication and how long transient failure can remove a node
|
||||
from the cluster. Tombstone cleanup must be tied to
|
||||
replication to reach replica convergence.</para>
|
||||
<para>If a replicator detects that a remote drive has failed, the
|
||||
replicator uses the <literal>get_more_nodes</literal>
|
||||
interface for the ring to choose an alternate node with which
|
||||
to synchronize. The replicator can maintain desired levels of
|
||||
replication during disk failures, though some replicas might
|
||||
not be in an immediately usable location.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The replicator does not maintain desired levels of
|
||||
replication when failures such as entire node failures
|
||||
occur; most failures are transient.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<para>The main replication types are:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Database
|
||||
replication</emphasis>. Replicates containers and
|
||||
objects.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis role="bold">Object replication</emphasis>.
|
||||
Replicates object data.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_database-replication">
|
||||
<title>Database replication</title>
|
||||
<para>Database replication completes a low-cost hash
|
||||
comparison to determine whether two replicas already
|
||||
match. Normally, this check can quickly verify that most
|
||||
databases in the system are already synchronized. If the
|
||||
hashes differ, the replicator synchronizes the databases
|
||||
by sharing records added since the last synchronization
|
||||
point.</para>
|
||||
<para>This synchronization point is a high water mark that
|
||||
notes the last record at which two databases were known to
|
||||
be synchronized, and is stored in each database as a tuple
|
||||
of the remote database ID and record ID. Database IDs are
|
||||
unique across all replicas of the database, and record IDs
|
||||
are monotonically increasing integers. After all new
|
||||
records are pushed to the remote database, the entire
|
||||
synchronization table of the local database is pushed, so
|
||||
the remote database can guarantee that it is synchronized
|
||||
with everything with which the local database was
|
||||
previously synchronized.</para>
|
||||
<para>If a replica is missing, the whole local database file
|
||||
is transmitted to the peer by using rsync(1) and is
|
||||
assigned a new unique ID.</para>
|
||||
<para>In practice, database replication can process hundreds
|
||||
of databases per concurrency setting per second (up to the
|
||||
number of available CPUs or disks) and is bound by the
|
||||
number of database transactions that must be
|
||||
performed.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_object-replication">
|
||||
<title>Object replication</title>
|
||||
<para>The initial implementation of object replication
|
||||
performed an rsync to push data from a local partition to
|
||||
all remote servers where it was expected to reside. While
|
||||
this worked at small scale, replication times skyrocketed
|
||||
once directory structures could no longer be held in RAM.
|
||||
This scheme was modified to save a hash of the contents
|
||||
for each suffix directory to a per-partition hashes file.
|
||||
The hash for a suffix directory is no longer valid when
|
||||
the contents of that suffix directory is modified.</para>
|
||||
<para>The object replication process reads in hash files and
|
||||
calculates any invalidated hashes. Then, it transmits the
|
||||
hashes to each remote server that should hold the
|
||||
partition, and only suffix directories with differing
|
||||
hashes on the remote server are rsynced. After pushing
|
||||
files to the remote server, the replication process
|
||||
notifies it to recalculate hashes for the rsynced suffix
|
||||
directories.</para>
|
||||
<para>The number of uncached directories that object
|
||||
replication must traverse, usually as a result of
|
||||
invalidated suffix directory hashes, impedes performance.
|
||||
To provide acceptable replication speeds, object
|
||||
replication is designed to invalidate around 2 percent of
|
||||
the hash space on a normal node each day.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="section_objectstorage-ringbuilder">
|
||||
<title>Ring-builder</title>
|
||||
<para>Use the swift-ring-builder utility to build and manage rings. This
|
||||
utility assigns partitions to devices and writes an optimized
|
||||
Python structure to a gzipped, serialized file on disk for
|
||||
transmission to the servers. The server processes occasionally
|
||||
check the modification time of the file and reload in-memory
|
||||
copies of the ring structure as needed. If you use a slightly
|
||||
older version of the ring, one of the three replicas for a
|
||||
partition subset will be incorrect because of the way the
|
||||
ring-builder manages changes to the ring. You can work around
|
||||
this issue.</para>
|
||||
<para>The ring-builder also keeps its own builder file with the
|
||||
ring information and additional data required to build future
|
||||
rings. It is very important to keep multiple backup copies of
|
||||
these builder files. One option is to copy the builder files
|
||||
out to every server while copying the ring files themselves.
|
||||
Another is to upload the builder files into the cluster
|
||||
itself. If you lose the builder file, you have to create a new
|
||||
ring from scratch. Nearly all partitions would be assigned to
|
||||
different devices and, therefore, nearly all of the stored
|
||||
data would have to be replicated to new locations. So,
|
||||
recovery from a builder file loss is possible, but data would
|
||||
be unreachable for an extended time.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_ring-data-structure">
|
||||
<title>Ring data structure</title>
|
||||
<para>The ring data structure consists of three top level
|
||||
fields: a list of devices in the cluster, a list of lists
|
||||
of device ids indicating partition to device assignments,
|
||||
and an integer indicating the number of bits to shift an
|
||||
MD5 hash to calculate the partition for the hash.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_partition-assignment">
|
||||
<title>Partition assignment list</title>
|
||||
<para>This is a list of <literal>array(‘H’)</literal> of
|
||||
devices ids. The outermost list contains an
|
||||
<literal>array(‘H’)</literal> for each replica. Each
|
||||
<literal>array(‘H’)</literal> has a length equal to
|
||||
the partition count for the ring. Each integer in the
|
||||
<literal>array(‘H’)</literal> is an index into the
|
||||
above list of devices. The partition list is known
|
||||
internally to the Ring class as
|
||||
<literal>_replica2part2dev_id</literal>.</para>
|
||||
<para>So, to create a list of device dictionaries assigned to
|
||||
a partition, the Python code would look like:
|
||||
<programlisting>devices = [self.devs[part2dev_id[partition]] for
|
||||
part2dev_id in self._replica2part2dev_id]</programlisting></para>
|
||||
<para>That code is a little simplistic because it does not
|
||||
account for the removal of duplicate devices. If a ring
|
||||
has more replicas than devices, a partition will have more
|
||||
than one replica on a device.</para>
|
||||
<para><literal>array(‘H’)</literal> is used for memory
|
||||
conservation as there may be millions of
|
||||
partitions.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_fractional-replicas">
|
||||
<title>Replica counts</title>
|
||||
<para>To support the gradual change in replica counts, a ring
|
||||
can have a real number of replicas and is not restricted
|
||||
to an integer number of replicas.</para>
|
||||
<para>A fractional replica count is for the whole ring and not
|
||||
for individual partitions. It indicates the average number
|
||||
of replicas for each partition. For example, a replica
|
||||
count of 3.2 means that 20 percent of partitions have four
|
||||
replicas and 80 percent have three replicas.</para>
|
||||
<para>The replica count is adjustable.</para>
|
||||
<para>Example:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder set_replicas 4</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<para>You must rebalance the replica ring in globally
|
||||
distributed clusters. Operators of these clusters
|
||||
generally want an equal number of replicas and regions.
|
||||
Therefore, when an operator adds or removes a region, the
|
||||
operator adds or removes a replica. Removing unneeded
|
||||
replicas saves on the cost of disks.</para>
|
||||
<para>You can gradually increase the replica count at a rate
|
||||
that does not adversely affect cluster performance.</para>
|
||||
<para>For example:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder set_replicas 3.01</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance</userinput>
|
||||
<computeroutput><distribute rings and wait>...</computeroutput>
|
||||
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder set_replicas 3.02</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance</userinput>
|
||||
<computeroutput><creatdistribute rings and wait>...</computeroutput></screen>
|
||||
<para>Changes take effect after the ring is rebalanced.
|
||||
Therefore, if you intend to change from 3 replicas to 3.01
|
||||
but you accidentally type <literal>2.01</literal>, no data
|
||||
is lost.</para>
|
||||
<para>Additionally, <command>swift-ring-builder
|
||||
<replaceable>X.builder</replaceable>
|
||||
create</command> can now take a decimal argument for
|
||||
the number of replicas.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_partition-shift-value">
|
||||
<title>Partition shift value</title>
|
||||
<para>The partition shift value is known internally to the
|
||||
Ring class as <literal>_part_shift</literal>. This value
|
||||
is used to shift an MD5 hash to calculate the partition
|
||||
where the data for that hash should reside. Only the top
|
||||
four bytes of the hash is used in this process. For
|
||||
example, to compute the partition for the
|
||||
<literal>/account/container/object</literal> path, the
|
||||
Python code might look like the following code:
|
||||
<programlisting>partition = unpack_from('>I',
|
||||
md5('/account/container/object').digest())[0] >>
|
||||
self._part_shift</programlisting></para>
|
||||
<para>For a ring generated with part_power P, the partition
|
||||
shift value is <literal>32 - P</literal>.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="section_build-ring">
|
||||
<title>Build the ring</title>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder process includes these high-level
|
||||
steps:</para>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The utility calculates the number of partitions to
|
||||
assign to each device based on the weight of the
|
||||
device. For example, for a partition at the power
|
||||
of 20, the ring has 1,048,576 partitions. One
|
||||
thousand devices of equal weight each want
|
||||
1,048.576 partitions. The devices are sorted by
|
||||
the number of partitions they desire and kept in
|
||||
order throughout the initialization
|
||||
process.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Each device is also assigned a random
|
||||
tiebreaker value that is used when two devices
|
||||
desire the same number of partitions. This
|
||||
tiebreaker is not stored on disk anywhere, and
|
||||
so two different rings created with the same
|
||||
parameters will have different partition
|
||||
assignments. For repeatable partition
|
||||
assignments,
|
||||
<literal>RingBuilder.rebalance()</literal>
|
||||
takes an optional seed value that seeds the
|
||||
Python pseudo-random number generator.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder assigns each partition replica
|
||||
to the device that requires most partitions at
|
||||
that point while keeping it as far away as
|
||||
possible from other replicas. The ring builder
|
||||
prefers to assign a replica to a device in a
|
||||
region that does not already have a replica. If no
|
||||
such region is available, the ring builder
|
||||
searches for a device in a different zone, or on a
|
||||
different server. If it does not find one, it
|
||||
looks for a device with no replicas. Finally, if
|
||||
all options are exhausted, the ring builder
|
||||
assigns the replica to the device that has the
|
||||
fewest replicas already assigned.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder assigns multiple replicas
|
||||
to one device only if the ring has fewer
|
||||
devices than it has replicas.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>When building a new ring from an old ring, the
|
||||
ring builder recalculates the desired number of
|
||||
partitions that each device wants.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder unassigns partitions and
|
||||
gathers these partitions for reassignment, as
|
||||
follows: <itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder unassigns any
|
||||
assigned partitions from any removed
|
||||
devices and adds these partitions to
|
||||
the gathered list.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder unassigns any
|
||||
partition replicas that can be spread
|
||||
out for better durability and adds
|
||||
these partitions to the gathered list.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder unassigns random
|
||||
partitions from any devices that have
|
||||
more partitions than they need and
|
||||
adds these partitions to the gathered
|
||||
list.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist></para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The ring builder reassigns the gathered
|
||||
partitions to devices by using a similar method to
|
||||
the one described previously.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>When the ring builder reassigns a replica to a
|
||||
partition, the ring builder records the time of
|
||||
the reassignment. The ring builder uses this value
|
||||
when it gathers partitions for reassignment so
|
||||
that no partition is moved twice in a configurable
|
||||
amount of time. The RingBuilder class knows this
|
||||
configurable amount of time as
|
||||
<literal>min_part_hours</literal>. The ring
|
||||
builder ignores this restriction for replicas of
|
||||
partitions on removed devices because removal of a
|
||||
device happens on device failure only, and
|
||||
reassignment is the only choice.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
<para>Theses steps do not always perfectly rebalance a ring
|
||||
due to the random nature of gathering partitions for
|
||||
reassignment. To help reach a more balanced ring, the
|
||||
rebalance process is repeated until near perfect (less
|
||||
than 1 percent off) or when the balance does not improve
|
||||
by at least 1 percent (indicating we probably cannot get
|
||||
perfect balance due to wildly imbalanced zones or too many
|
||||
partitions recently moved).</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="troubleshooting-openstack-object-storage">
|
||||
<title>Troubleshoot Object Storage</title>
|
||||
<para>For Object Storage, everything is logged in <filename>/var/log/syslog</filename> (or messages on some distros).
|
||||
Several settings enable further customization of logging, such as <literal>log_name</literal>, <literal>log_facility</literal>,
|
||||
and <literal>log_level</literal>, within the object server configuration files.</para>
|
||||
<section xml:id="drive-failure">
|
||||
<title>Drive failure</title>
|
||||
<para>In the event that a drive has failed, the first step is to make sure the drive is
|
||||
unmounted. This will make it easier for Object Storage to work around the failure until
|
||||
it has been resolved. If the drive is going to be replaced immediately, then it is just
|
||||
best to replace the drive, format it, remount it, and let replication fill it up.</para>
|
||||
<para>If the drive can’t be replaced immediately, then it is best to leave it
|
||||
unmounted, and remove the drive from the ring. This will allow all the replicas
|
||||
that were on that drive to be replicated elsewhere until the drive is replaced.
|
||||
Once the drive is replaced, it can be re-added to the ring.</para>
|
||||
<para>You can look at error messages in <filename>/var/log/kern.log</filename> for hints of drive failure.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="server-failure">
|
||||
<title>Server failure</title>
|
||||
<para>If a server is having hardware issues, it is a good idea to make sure the
|
||||
Object Storage services are not running. This will allow Object Storage to
|
||||
work around the failure while you troubleshoot.</para>
|
||||
<para>If the server just needs a reboot, or a small amount of work that should only
|
||||
last a couple of hours, then it is probably best to let Object Storage work
|
||||
around the failure and get the machine fixed and back online. When the machine
|
||||
comes back online, replication will make sure that anything that is missing
|
||||
during the downtime will get updated.</para>
|
||||
<para>If the server has more serious issues, then it is probably best to remove all
|
||||
of the server’s devices from the ring. Once the server has been repaired and is
|
||||
back online, the server’s devices can be added back into the ring. It is
|
||||
important that the devices are reformatted before putting them back into the
|
||||
ring as it is likely to be responsible for a different set of partitions than
|
||||
before.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="detect-failed-drives">
|
||||
<title>Detect failed drives</title>
|
||||
<para>It has been our experience that when a drive is about to fail, error messages will spew into
|
||||
/var/log/kern.log. There is a script called swift-drive-audit that can be run via cron
|
||||
to watch for bad drives. If errors are detected, it will unmount the bad drive, so that
|
||||
Object Storage can work around it. The script takes a configuration file with the
|
||||
following settings:</para>
|
||||
<xi:include href="tables/swift-drive-audit-drive-audit.xml"/>
|
||||
<para>This script has only been tested on Ubuntu 10.04, so if you are using a
|
||||
different distro or OS, some care should be taken before using in production.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="recover-ring-builder-file">
|
||||
<title>Emergency recovery of ring builder files</title>
|
||||
<para>You should always keep a backup of swift ring builder files. However, if an
|
||||
emergency occurs, this procedure may assist in returning your cluster to an
|
||||
operational state.</para>
|
||||
<para>Using existing swift tools, there is no way to recover a builder file from a
|
||||
<filename>ring.gz</filename> file. However, if you have a knowledge of Python, it is possible to
|
||||
construct a builder file that is pretty close to the one you have lost. The
|
||||
following is what you will need to do.</para>
|
||||
<warning>
|
||||
<para>This procedure is a last-resort for emergency circumstances. It
|
||||
requires knowledge of the swift python code and may not succeed.</para>
|
||||
</warning>
|
||||
<para>First, load the ring and a new ringbuilder object in a Python REPL:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="python">>>> from swift.common.ring import RingData, RingBuilder
|
||||
>>> ring = RingData.load('/path/to/account.ring.gz')</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>Now, start copying the data we have in the ring into the builder.</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="python">
|
||||
>>> import math
|
||||
>>> partitions = len(ring._replica2part2dev_id[0])
|
||||
>>> replicas = len(ring._replica2part2dev_id)
|
||||
|
||||
>>> builder = RingBuilder(int(Math.log(partitions, 2)), replicas, 1)
|
||||
>>> builder.devs = ring.devs
|
||||
>>> builder._replica2part2dev = ring.replica2part2dev_id
|
||||
>>> builder._last_part_moves_epoch = 0
|
||||
>>> builder._last_part_moves = array('B', (0 for _ in xrange(self.parts)))
|
||||
>>> builder._set_parts_wanted()
|
||||
>>> for d in builder._iter_devs():
|
||||
d['parts'] = 0
|
||||
>>> for p2d in builder._replica2part2dev:
|
||||
for dev_id in p2d:
|
||||
builder.devs[dev_id]['parts'] += 1</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>This is the extent of the recoverable fields. For
|
||||
<literal>min_part_hours</literal> you'll either have to remember what the
|
||||
value you used was, or just make up a new one.</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="python">
|
||||
>>> builder.change_min_part_hours(24) # or whatever you want it to be</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>Try some validation: if this doesn't raise an exception, you may feel some
|
||||
hope. Not too much, though.</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="python">>>> builder.validate()</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>Save the builder.</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="python">
|
||||
>>> import pickle
|
||||
>>> pickle.dump(builder.to_dict(), open('account.builder', 'wb'), protocol=2)</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>You should now have a file called 'account.builder' in the current working
|
||||
directory. Next, run <literal>swift-ring-builder account.builder write_ring</literal>
|
||||
and compare the new account.ring.gz to the account.ring.gz that you started
|
||||
from. They probably won't be byte-for-byte identical, but if you load them up
|
||||
in a REPL and their <literal>_replica2part2dev_id</literal> and
|
||||
<literal>devs</literal> attributes are the same (or nearly so), then you're
|
||||
in good shape.</para>
|
||||
<para>Next, repeat the procedure for <filename>container.ring.gz</filename>
|
||||
and <filename>object.ring.gz</filename>, and you might get usable builder files.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="configuring-tenant-specific-storage-for-images">
|
||||
<title>Configure tenant-specific image locations with Object
|
||||
Storage</title>
|
||||
<para>For some deployers, it is not ideal to store all images in
|
||||
one place to enable all tenants and users to access them. You
|
||||
can configure the Image Service to store image data in
|
||||
tenant-specific image locations. Then, only the following
|
||||
tenants can use the Image Service to access the created image:<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The tenant who owns the image</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Tenants that are defined in
|
||||
<option>swift_store_admin_tenants</option> and
|
||||
that have admin-level accounts</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist></para>
|
||||
<procedure>
|
||||
<title>To configure tenant-specific image locations</title>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Configure swift as your
|
||||
<option>default_store</option> in the
|
||||
<filename>glance-api.conf</filename> file.</para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Set these configuration options in the
|
||||
<filename>glance-api.conf</filename> file: <itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><option>swift_store_multi_tenant</option>.
|
||||
Set to <literal>True</literal> to enable
|
||||
tenant-specific storage locations. Default
|
||||
is <literal>False</literal>.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><option>swift_store_admin_tenants</option>.
|
||||
Specify a list of tenant IDs that can
|
||||
grant read and write access to all Object
|
||||
Storage containers that are created by the
|
||||
Image Service.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist></para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
</procedure>
|
||||
<para>With this configuration, images are stored in an
|
||||
Object Storage service (swift) endpoint that is pulled
|
||||
from the service catalog for the authenticated
|
||||
user.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
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sodipodi:role="line">Identity</tspan><tspan
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Dashboard</tspan><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Horizon</tspan></text>
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Basic Services</tspan></text>
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Block Storage</tspan><tspan
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Object Storage</tspan><tspan
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y="653.52722"
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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y="653.52722"
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id="tspan7731-2-4-2-1-7-0"
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sodipodi:role="line">Heat</tspan></text>
|
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id="text7727-7-4-3-8-7-7-1"
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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id="tspan7729-1-9-6-8-5-8-6"
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sodipodi:role="line">Telemetry</tspan><tspan
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id="tspan7731-2-4-2-1-7-0-0"
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y="720.55719"
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sodipodi:role="line">Ceilometer Core</tspan></text>
|
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<text
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id="text7727-7-4-3-8-7-7-8"
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y="602.36218"
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x="250"
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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style="font-size:14px"
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y="602.36218"
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x="250"
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id="tspan7729-1-9-6-8-5-8-9"
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sodipodi:role="line">Database Service</tspan><tspan
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y="618.22711"
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x="250"
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sodipodi:role="line">Trove Management</tspan></text>
|
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<text
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y="477.76547"
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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style="font-size:16px;fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1"
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y="477.76547"
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sodipodi:role="line">Optional Services</tspan></text>
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<text
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">Database</tspan><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line">MySQL or MariaDB</tspan></text>
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<text
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y="429.39212"
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|
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<text
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sodipodi:linespacing="125%"
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id="text9036"
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y="386.50281"
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x="98.292969"
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
|
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style="font-size:16px;fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1"
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y="386.50281"
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sodipodi:role="line">Supporting Services</tspan></text>
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<text
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line"><tspan
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style="font-size:14px;font-style:normal;fill:#ffffff">1: Management</tspan></tspan><tspan
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sodipodi:role="line"
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id="tspan3205">10.0.0.11/24</tspan></text>
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<text
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xml:space="preserve"><tspan
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|
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
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version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="adding-proxy-server">
|
||||
<title>Add another proxy server</title>
|
||||
<para>To provide additional reliability and bandwidth
|
||||
to your cluster, you can add proxy servers. You can
|
||||
set up an additional proxy node the same way
|
||||
that you set up the first proxy node but with
|
||||
additional configuration steps.</para>
|
||||
<para>After you have more than two proxies, you must
|
||||
load balance them; your storage endpoint (what
|
||||
clients use to connect to your storage) also
|
||||
changes. You can select from different
|
||||
strategies for load balancing. For example,
|
||||
you could use round-robin DNS, or a software
|
||||
or hardware load balancer (like pound) in
|
||||
front of the two proxies. You can then point your
|
||||
storage URL to the load balancer, configure an initial
|
||||
proxy node and complete these steps to add proxy
|
||||
servers.</para>
|
||||
<procedure>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Update the list of memcache
|
||||
servers in the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf</filename>
|
||||
file for added proxy servers. If
|
||||
you run multiple memcache servers,
|
||||
use this pattern for the multiple
|
||||
IP:port listings in each proxy
|
||||
server configuration file:</para>
|
||||
<literallayout class="monospaced">10.1.2.3:11211,10.1.2.4:11211</literallayout>
|
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<literallayout class="monospaced">[filter:cache]
|
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use = egg:swift#memcache
|
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memcache_servers = <replaceable>PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable>:11211</literallayout>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Copy ring information to all
|
||||
nodes, including new proxy nodes.
|
||||
Also, ensure that the ring
|
||||
information gets to all storage
|
||||
nodes.</para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>After you sync all nodes, make
|
||||
sure that the admin has keys in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/swift</filename> and
|
||||
the ownership for the ring file is
|
||||
correct.</para>
|
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</step>
|
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</procedure>
|
||||
</section>
|
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@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
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version="5.0"
|
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xml:id="example-object-storage-installation-architecture">
|
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<title>Example of Object Storage installation architecture</title>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Node: A host machine that runs one or more OpenStack
|
||||
Object Storage services.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Proxy node: Runs proxy services.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Storage node: Runs account, container, and object
|
||||
services. Contains the SQLite databases.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Ring: A set of mappings between OpenStack Object
|
||||
Storage data to physical devices.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Replica: A copy of an object. By default, three
|
||||
copies are maintained in the cluster.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Zone: A logically separate section of the cluster,
|
||||
related to independent failure characteristics.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Region (optional): A logically separate section of
|
||||
the cluster, representing distinct physical locations
|
||||
such as cities or countries. Similar to zones but
|
||||
representing physical locations of portions of the
|
||||
cluster rather than logical segments.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<para>To increase reliability and performance, you can add
|
||||
additional proxy servers.</para>
|
||||
<para>This document describes each storage node as a separate zone
|
||||
in the ring. At a minimum, five zones are recommended. A zone
|
||||
is a group of nodes that are as isolated as possible from other
|
||||
nodes (separate servers, network, power, even geography). The
|
||||
ring guarantees that every replica is stored in a separate
|
||||
zone. This diagram shows one possible configuration for a
|
||||
minimal installation:</para>
|
||||
<para><inlinemediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
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<imagedata
|
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fileref="../figures/swift_install_arch.png"
|
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/>
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</imageobject>
|
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</inlinemediaobject></para>
|
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</section>
|
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@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="installing-and-configuring-the-proxy-node">
|
||||
<title>Install and configure the proxy node</title>
|
||||
<para>The proxy server takes each request and looks up locations
|
||||
for the account, container, or object and routes the requests
|
||||
correctly. The proxy server also handles API requests. You
|
||||
enable account management by configuring it in the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf</filename> file.</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The Object Storage processes run under a separate user
|
||||
and group, set by configuration options, and referred to as
|
||||
<literal>swift:swift</literal>. The default
|
||||
user is <literal>swift</literal>.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<procedure>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Install swift-proxy service:</para>
|
||||
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install swift swift-proxy memcached python-keystoneclient python-swiftclient python-webob</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-swift-proxy memcached python-swiftclient python-keystone-auth-token</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-swift-proxy memcached python-swiftclient python-keystoneclient python-xml</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="ubuntu;debian">
|
||||
<para>Modify memcached to listen on the default interface
|
||||
on a local, non-public network. Edit this line in
|
||||
the <filename>/etc/memcached.conf</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>-l 127.0.0.1</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>Change it to:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>-l <replaceable>PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">
|
||||
<para>Modify memcached to listen on the default interface
|
||||
on a local, non-public network. Edit
|
||||
the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/memcached</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting os="rhel;centos;fedora">OPTIONS="-l <replaceable>PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable>"</programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting os="opensuse;sles">MEMCACHED_PARAMS="-l <replaceable>PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable>"</programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="ubuntu;debian">
|
||||
<para>Restart the memcached service:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service memcached restart</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">
|
||||
<para>Start the memcached service and configure it to start when
|
||||
the system boots:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service memcached start</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig memcached on</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para><phrase os="ubuntu;debian">Create</phrase>
|
||||
<phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Edit</phrase>
|
||||
<filename>/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
|
||||
bind_port = 8080
|
||||
user = swift
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:main]
|
||||
pipeline = catch_errors gatekeeper healthcheck proxy-logging cache authtoken keystoneauth proxy-logging proxy-server
|
||||
|
||||
[app:proxy-server]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#proxy
|
||||
allow_account_management = true
|
||||
account_autocreate = true
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:keystoneauth]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#keystoneauth
|
||||
operator_roles = Member,admin,swiftoperator
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:authtoken]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = keystoneclient.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
|
||||
|
||||
# Delaying the auth decision is required to support token-less
|
||||
# usage for anonymous referrers ('.r:*').
|
||||
delay_auth_decision = true
|
||||
|
||||
# auth_* settings refer to the Keystone server
|
||||
auth_protocol = http
|
||||
auth_host = <replaceable>controller</replaceable>
|
||||
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
|
||||
|
||||
# the service tenant and swift username and password created in Keystone
|
||||
admin_tenant_name = service
|
||||
admin_user = swift
|
||||
admin_password = <replaceable>SWIFT_PASS</replaceable>
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:healthcheck]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:cache]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#memcache
|
||||
set log_name = cache
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:catch_errors]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#catch_errors
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:gatekeeper]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#gatekeeper
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:proxy-logging]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#proxy_logging
|
||||
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>If you run multiple memcache servers, put the
|
||||
multiple IP:port listings in the [filter:cache]
|
||||
section of the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
<literallayout class="monospaced">10.1.2.3:11211,10.1.2.4:11211</literallayout>
|
||||
<para>Only the proxy server uses memcache.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<warning>
|
||||
<para><literal>keystoneclient.middleware.auth_token</literal>: You
|
||||
must configure <literal>auth_uri</literal> to point to the public
|
||||
identity endpoint. Otherwise, clients might not be able to
|
||||
authenticate against an admin endpoint.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</warning>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Create the account, container, and object rings. The
|
||||
builder command creates a builder file
|
||||
with a few parameters. The parameter with the value of
|
||||
18 represents 2 ^ 18th, the value that the partition
|
||||
is sized to. Set this “partition power” value
|
||||
based on the total amount of storage you expect your
|
||||
entire ring to use. The value 3 represents the
|
||||
number of replicas of each object, with the last value
|
||||
being the number of hours to restrict moving a
|
||||
partition more than once.</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /etc/swift</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder create 18 3 1</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder container.builder create 18 3 1</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder create 18 3 1</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>For every storage device on each node add entries to
|
||||
each ring:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder add z<replaceable>ZONE</replaceable>-<replaceable>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable>:6002[R<replaceable>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</replaceable>:6005]/<replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable> 100</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder container.builder add z<replaceable>ZONE</replaceable>-<replaceable>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP_1</replaceable>:6001[R<replaceable>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</replaceable>:6004]/<replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable> 100</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder add z<replaceable>ZONE</replaceable>-<replaceable>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP_1</replaceable>:6000[R<replaceable>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</replaceable>:6003]/<replaceable>DEVICE</replaceable> 100</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>You must omit the optional <parameter>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</parameter> parameter if you
|
||||
do not want to use dedicated network for
|
||||
replication.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<para>For example, if a storage node
|
||||
has a partition in Zone 1 on IP 10.0.0.1, the storage node has
|
||||
address 10.0.1.1 from replication network. The mount point of
|
||||
this partition is <filename>/srv/node/sdb1</filename>, and the
|
||||
path in <filename>/etc/rsyncd.conf</filename> is
|
||||
<filename>/srv/node/</filename>, the DEVICE would be sdb1 and
|
||||
the commands are:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder add z1-10.0.0.1:6002R10.0.1.1:6005/sdb1 100</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder container.builder add z1-10.0.0.1:6001R10.0.1.1:6004/sdb1 100</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder add z1-10.0.0.1:6000R10.0.1.1:6003/sdb1 100</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>If you assume five zones with one node for each
|
||||
zone, start ZONE at 1. For each additional node,
|
||||
increment ZONE by 1.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Verify the ring contents for each ring:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder container.builder</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Rebalance the rings:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Rebalancing rings can take some time.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Copy the <filename>account.ring.gz</filename>,
|
||||
<filename>container.ring.gz</filename>, and
|
||||
<filename>object.ring.gz</filename> files to each
|
||||
of the Proxy and Storage nodes in <filename>/etc/swift</filename>.</para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Make sure the swift user owns all configuration files:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chown -R swift:swift /etc/swift</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="ubuntu;debian">
|
||||
<para>Restart the Proxy service:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service swift-proxy restart</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse">
|
||||
<para>Start the Proxy service and configure it to start when the
|
||||
system boots:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-swift-proxy start</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-swift-proxy on</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
</procedure>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="installing-and-configuring-storage-nodes">
|
||||
<title>Install and configure storage nodes</title>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Object Storage works on any file system that supports
|
||||
Extended Attributes (XATTRS). XFS shows the best overall
|
||||
performance for the swift use case after considerable
|
||||
testing and benchmarking at Rackspace. It is also the only
|
||||
file system that has been thoroughly tested. See the <link
|
||||
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/"
|
||||
><citetitle>OpenStack Configuration
|
||||
Reference</citetitle></link> for additional
|
||||
recommendations.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<procedure>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Install storage node packages:</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install swift swift-account swift-container swift-object xfsprogs</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container \
|
||||
openstack-swift-object xfsprogs xinetd</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container \
|
||||
openstack-swift-object python-xml xfsprogs xinetd</userinput></screen></para>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>For each device on the node that you want to use for
|
||||
storage, set up the XFS volume
|
||||
(<literal>/dev/sdb</literal> is used as an
|
||||
example). Use a single partition per drive. For
|
||||
example, in a server with 12 disks you may use one or
|
||||
two disks for the operating system which should not be
|
||||
touched in this step. The other 10 or 11 disks should
|
||||
be partitioned with a single partition, then formatted
|
||||
in XFS.</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>fdisk /dev/sdb</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo "/dev/sdb1 /srv/node/sdb1 xfs noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0" >> /etc/fstab</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkdir -p /srv/node/sdb1</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount /srv/node/sdb1</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chown -R swift:swift /srv/node</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora">Create
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rsyncd.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para os="sles;opensuse">Replace the content of
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rsyncd.conf</filename> with:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="ini">uid = swift
|
||||
gid = swift
|
||||
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
|
||||
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
|
||||
address = <replaceable>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP</replaceable>
|
||||
|
||||
[account]
|
||||
max connections = 2
|
||||
path = /srv/node/
|
||||
read only = false
|
||||
lock file = /var/lock/account.lock
|
||||
|
||||
[container]
|
||||
max connections = 2
|
||||
path = /srv/node/
|
||||
read only = false
|
||||
lock file = /var/lock/container.lock
|
||||
|
||||
[object]
|
||||
max connections = 2
|
||||
path = /srv/node/
|
||||
read only = false
|
||||
lock file = /var/lock/object.lock</programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>(Optional) If you want to separate rsync and
|
||||
replication traffic to replication network, set
|
||||
<literal>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</literal>
|
||||
instead of
|
||||
<literal>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP</literal>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="ini">address = <replaceable>STORAGE_REPLICATION_NET_IP</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="ubuntu;debian">
|
||||
<para>Edit the following line in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/default/rsync</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="ini">RSYNC_ENABLE=true</programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse">
|
||||
<para>Edit the following line in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/xinetd.d/rsync</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="ini">disable = no</programlisting>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para os="ubuntu;debian">Start the <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">rsync</systemitem> service:</para>
|
||||
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service rsync start</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora">Start the <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">xinetd</systemitem> service:</para>
|
||||
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service xinetd start</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<para os="sles;opensuse">Start the <systemitem
|
||||
class="service">xinetd</systemitem> service and configure it to
|
||||
start when the system boots:</para>
|
||||
<screen os="sles;opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service xinetd start</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig xinetd on</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The rsync service requires no authentication, so
|
||||
run it on a local, private network.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
<step>
|
||||
<para>Create the swift recon cache directory and set its
|
||||
permissions:</para>
|
||||
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkdir -p /var/swift/recon</userinput>
|
||||
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chown -R swift:swift /var/swift/recon</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</step>
|
||||
</procedure>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user